Methods for Reducing Child Abuse - 1506 Words

Nowadays, children are suffering from many physical, psychological and mental complications which is a result of neglecting their rights to live a normal childhood without being exploited. Many children across the globe are exposed to various types of child abuse whether physically, verbally, sexually or even psychologically.AS the illiteracy rates are increasing widely many people do not understand child abuse as a problem. In general, child abuse means the child maltreatment in any form which may lead to childhood serious injuries and fatalities. The problem is rising without any strong attempts to stop it and it is passing from one generation to the other leading to the deprivation of children from happy or cheerful childhood. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013 . About 30% of abused and neglected children will later abuse their own children, continuing the horrible cycle of abuse. Basically, the problem is caused by the spreading of poverty, stress, f amily isolation and of course the lack of awareness of the problem. There are some fatal dangers and risks that result from such a major problem which can affect the whole society as for example the sexual child abuse may result in teen pregnancy and spread of sexual diseases among people. Also, physically abused children may show violent behavior with other children in the schools which may lead to serious consequences. There are many different sectors involved in the problem mainly children,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Children1282 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Abuse is dependent in many ways depending on the type of and severity of the abuse. Some of these factors include: age of child when abuse first occurred, how long the abuse lasted, developmental stage of the child, relationship of the abuse to the child, whether forces was used to ensure the child’s participation, degree of shame or guilt experienced by the child, reaction of the child parent( s) and other professionals and other professionals if and when the child reveals the abuse or it isRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Family Violence And Abuse844 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem I decided to discuss is the subject of family violence and abuse, which includes spouses and children. Now, as Ember and Ember explain in the text, in order to deal with violence within families, we must first decide on what should be classified as abuse and what is not (Ember Ember, pg. 230). The word abuse can have various definitions across cultures, as not everyone thinks of it in the same way. To some, hitting a child is a perfectly acceptable form of punishment and of wife- beatingRead MoreThe Statistics Of Prevalence For Child Sex Abuse Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe statistics of prevalence for child sex abuse varies because of all the unique cases of child sex abuse that is reported. Although, statistic show that one in three girls will be sexually abused at one point in the United States and boys are one in seven to be sexually abused (Anderson, 2014). Children are not susceptible to crime as shown in the statistics because predators like pedophiles have fetishes towards little boy or girls. One study found that 10% of children experienced or came closeRead MoreAn Analysis of Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison1217 Words   |  5 Pagesself-satisfied with herself. She doesn t appreciate who she is physically. She constantly thinks she is the most homely and dull person who causes the most inconvenience in the family. This sense of selflessness is mainly due to the physical and sexual abuse brought upon by Daddy Glen, Bone s stepfather. Unfortunately, the assaults were stretched out over a long period of time, leaving little chance for Bone to recover as an adult if any at all. I decided to take a more scientific approach to discussingRead MoreEssay on Bastard Out of Carolina1209 Words   |  5 Pagesself-satisfied with herself. She doesn’t ap preciate who she is physically. She constantly thinks she is the most homely and dull person who causes the most inconvenience in the family. This sense of selflessness is mainly due to the physical and sexual abuse brought upon by Daddy Glen, Bone’s stepfather. Unfortunately, the assaults were stretched out over a long period of time, leaving little chance for Bone to recover as an adult if any at all. I decided to take a more scientific approach to discussingRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Adolescents And Adults881 Words   |  4 Pagesphysically abusing their child. Aiden received negative messages throughout his childhood and adolescent years and this in turn became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Intervention strategies throughout his life span could have altered the course of the school shooting. Childhood Experiences Aiden experienced emotional abuse from his father throughout his childhood. Kent and Waller (1998 p393) argues† that emotional abuse is the â€Å"core† issue in childhood trauma.† The impact of this abuse is related to psychologicalRead MoreThe Key Aspects Of The Relationship Between Poverty And The Greater Economic Hardship1514 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween abuse and neglect and the greater economic hardship which will have an impact on poverty and how this affects the chance of a child being abused or neglected. Looking at the evidence it is clear to see that there is a strong link associated between poverty and a child suffering from abuse and neglect. Introduction and context According to NSPCC there are more than 50,000 children in the UK are abused and neglected annually, this estimates that there are 8 children suffering abuse for everyRead MoreSuffering of the Innocent: Child Abuse1567 Words   |  7 Pages One in four females and one in six males will be sexually abused before his or her 18th birthday (Nojadera 21). These staggering statistics illuminate the issue of child abuse as one of the most profound problems in society. The astonishingly high rate of maltreatment occurrences at an early age makes one wonder why the topic is not addressed more often. Often going unnoticed by everyone around them, children are enduring unimaginable suffering every day . Many victims feel completely aloneRead MoreThe National Child Traumatic Stress Network ( Nctsn )1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) was stablished by Congress in 2000 and brings a comprehensive focus to childhood trauma. This network raises the average standard of care and improves access to services for traumatized children, their families and communities throughout the United States. The NCTSN defines trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT) as an evidenceà ¢â‚¬â€˜based treatment approach that is shown to help children, adolescents, and their caregivers overcome trauma‑relatedRead MoreSubstance Use And Substance Abuse1269 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe your understanding of â€Å"substance use† versus â€Å"substance abuse† and why these concepts should be of concern for child welfare workers (Chapter 6)? Substance use and substance abuse is hazard for anyone associated with the issue. However, it is life changing ordeal for children who life decisions are made by individuals who is suffering from either of these problems. Nonetheless, to understand the severity of substance abuse and substance use is to define each issue and the role it plays in

What Are Core Academic Classes

The term core courses refers to the list of courses that provide a broad foundation for your education. When it comes to their admissions policies, most colleges will calculate your grade point average using only the grades from your core academic classes. Also, once a student is in college, core courses have their own numbering and identifying characteristics as well as requirements. Understanding what core courses are can be confusing to students, and this confusion can be costly. High School Core Courses Generally, the core courses in high school include the following: Math: Three to four years (algebra, geometry, calculus)English: Four years (composition, literature, speech)Social science: Three to four years (history, sociology, psychology, political science, geography, economics)Science:  Normally three years (earth science, biology, chemistry, physics) In addition, colleges will  require credits in visual or performing arts, foreign language, and computer skills. Unfortunately, students sometimes struggle in one or more core areas. Some students believe that they can increase their grade average by taking an elective, such as a physical education class. While a good grade in a non-academic class might give you a confidence boost, scoring well in an elective class probably won’t help when it comes to college entry. Take fun classes to break up the schedule, but dont count on them to pave your way into college. Its important to maintain a high GPA, even in the early years of high school, but particularly in core courses. If ever you find yourself slipping behind in the important courses, seek assistance right away. Core Academic Courses in College Most colleges also require a similar list of courses that provide a foundation for your college education. College core often includes English, math, social sciences, humanities, and science. There are a few things you should know about college core courses. Core classes that you complete in one college may or may not transfer to another college. Policies change from one college to another and from one state to another. Additionally, in any given state, core requirements can be very different when switching from state colleges to private colleges. Core Course Numbers and Requirements College courses are generally numbered (like English 101). Core classes in college usually begin with a 1 or 2. Core classes that you complete for one degree program may not complete the core requirements for another program. If you change your major from history to chemistry, for example, you may find that your core requirements change.   Core sciences may or may not contain a lab. STEM majors (science, technology, engineering, and math) will require more lab sciences that non-STEM majors. Core courses serve as prerequisites for upper-level college courses. This means that you must be successful in certain core courses (like English 101) before you can enroll in higher courses of the same discipline (like English 490). Successful completion of a core course usually means earning a C or better. No matter how successful you are in a high school subject, the college course of the same name will be tougher.

The Risks Of Psychiatric Screening - 1587 Words

Although when it comes to the risks, some psychologists argue that these risks can be avoided in some easy steps. They believe that the outcome of a surgery is dependent on a patient’s satisfaction and that a patient could avoid the risks by consulting their surgeons before the surgery. In order to decrease the risks, these psychologists suggest the patients to discuss the â€Å"risks, benefits, limitations and expected results for each procedure undertaken† with their surgeons (Ericksen and Billick para. 11). To be clear, in order to have a successful surgery, the patients should know what they are looking for and what factors could prevent them from being satisfied. Further, a discussion regarding the patient’s motivation, goals, as well as other information can help the surgeons or advisors determine if a patient is capable of undergoing such surgery and how their results might be. These psychologists also believe that psychiatric screening is helpful to the p atients to optimize patients’ satisfaction and outcome. By using this method, the surgeons can point out the integral part of patients’ motivations and help them if the expectation is way more unattainable. Even though these risks can be avoided, there is still a need for careful decision about this surgery because there is no guarantee that consulting surgeons will automatically help the patients get what they want and that â€Å"patients may never be fully prepared for the mental and emotional costs of cosmetic surgery†Show MoreRelatedClinical Features Symptoms : The Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1000 Words   |  4 Pagesrepetitive behavior. According to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), individuals with ASD have a tendency to respond inappropriately in conversation and lack the ability to build relationships (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). They often engage in a series of abnormal routines and devel op inappropriate obsessions with particular items. Individuals with ASD also display a wide variety of cognitive functioning, ranging from severe intellectual disabilityRead MoreNo Perinatal Mental Illnesses Have Linked With An Increased Risk Of Suicide Essay920 Words   |  4 Pageslinked with an increased risk of suicide. According to Mendez-Bustos et. al suicide has been shown to be one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in the last two decades and in the perinatal period the rate is not showing any signs of improvement. In 2005 among women aged 15 to 44 years suicide was the fourth cause of death in the US (Mendez-Bustos, Lopez-Castroman, Baca-Garcà ­a, Ceverino, 2013). A 2006-2008 review of maternal death in the UK identified psychiatric disorders and suicide inRead MoreIdentifying Women At Risk For Postpartum Depression1384 Words   |  6 Pagesbaby. In Dennis, Janssen, and Stinger (2004) article, â€Å"Identifying Women at Risk for Postpartum Depression in the Immediate Postpartum Period,† they were able to develop a predictive model to be utilized as a screening tool to determine women who were more susceptible. Significance of the Problem Postpartum depression is a significant problem as it is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. Developing a screening tool to address the issue early can provide the necessary interventions toRead MoreBehavioral And Emotional Problems Of Adolescent And Adolescent Population939 Words   |  4 Pageschildren and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are seen in the primary care office. Approximately 50% of adults with behavioral health problems report that their disorders emerged in early adolescence. Pediatricians often encounter these patients; approximately half of the pediatric office visits in a primary setting involve emotional, behavioral, developmental, psychosocial, or educational concerns. Similarly, 75% of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are seen in the primaryRead MoreEvidence Of The Need For Improved Suicidal Screening1474 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence of the Need for Improved Suicidal Screening According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States (US) as of the 2015 Suicide Facts at a Glance Report. In 2013 there were 41,149 suicides in the US which calculates to a rate of 12.6 per 100,000 or 113 suicides each day or one every 13 minutes (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Emergency departments are often a resource for those seeking assistanceRead MoreEssay On Glts938 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of the growth of psychiatric disorders. In the study conducted, children between the ages of 9-19 were chosen from 11 states near North Carolina. Using a multistage sampling design, the children participants were randomly chosen to take part in this study. Participants were chosen selectively through a specific category that consisted of around 20,000 children which were selected by using a household equal probability; the beginning random samples produced 3,896 screening questionnair es. TheseRead MoreMental Illness Of The Mentally Ill On Deinstitutionalization1514 Words   |  7 PagesFerrandino go into detail about mentally ill offenders in prison, they try to identify mental health problems and evaluate their needs for treatment. Adams and Ferrandino speak of the importance of screening and assessment in correctional facilities to detect if an inmate may have a mental illness and the level of risk they may be to themselves and/or others. They also talk about other key issues such as treatment, medication, correctional officer involvement in mental health issues and housing that pertainedRead MorePsychiatric Center : A Critical Mental Health929 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious policies and procedures that ensure quality delivery of psychiatric care to all mental health patients. Dorothea Dix psychiatric center is among many mental health care providers in America that are striving to deliver quality mental health services to needy Americans. Dorothea Dix psychia tric center provides out- and in-patient care to Maine’s severest mental illness cases. In that case, for over a century, Dorothea Dix psychiatric center has been concentrating on providing mental health careRead MorePrevalence And Risk Of Hepatitis C1624 Words   |  7 Pages High-risk populations: Early and often in Hepatitis C diagnosis and intervention Inpatient drug treatment facility screening Aura Thomas November 22, 2014 NURS 549 Sonoma State University Significance of hepatitis C relevance, prevalence and risk Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver disease and is the number-one bloodborne virus in the United States. HCV is a virus identified in 1989 that often results in chronic infection of the blood. This infection harms the human liver, resultingRead MoreThe Persistence And Stability Of Psychiatric Problems Within Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders917 Words   |  4 Pagesstability of psychiatric problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Introduction In this article, Simonoff, et al. examined the constancy of psychiatric problems in adolescence who had previously been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is defined as â€Å"deficits in reciprocal communication and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and interests.† (Simonoff, et al, 2012). It is well known that children diagnosed with ASD or any other disorder are at higher risk for qualifying

Kate Chopin and Feminism Free Essays

The name Kate Chopin is synonymous with feminism.   For generations she has caused women to about their situations in life and caused men to fear her because she made women analyze.   She started writing after she was widowed and left with a plantation and children to rear while living in a male society. We will write a custom essay sample on Kate Chopin and Feminism or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Instead of remarrying just to save the plantation, she chose to stay single and move from Louisiana with her children to her hometown in Missouri.   Her physician advised her to write to overcome her depression. Little did anyone know that this advice would lead to the writing career of one of the foremost American female writers.   From the beginning, men saw her stories and novels as threatening.   It wasn’t until after her death that she was recognized for the talented writer that she really was.   The reason the men of her generation was her feminist themes.   Two examples where this strong theme is evident are â€Å"The Storm† and The Awakening. Chopin’s story â€Å"The Storm† is, as the title suggest, about sexual tensions of a repressive waera.   It was considered scandalous for a female from the privileged class to even entertain the thought of sexual tension during the Victorian Era, and especially to write about it.   The storm deals with two people, Alcee and Calixta, who were in love during their youth.   They go on to marry others that society says are right for them. They feel trapped by the rules of society and still desire each other.   The reader is introduced to Calixta at their home, sewing and doing other household chores, â€Å"unaware that the storm is coming.† This suggests to Wilson that â€Å"her sexuality is repressed by the constraints of her marriage and society’s view of women, represented in this passage by the housework.† Airing out on the porch are her husband’s Sunday clothes, which Wilson says â€Å"allude to society in the form of the church.†Ã‚   The story continues with other illustrations using the storm until, finally, after Alcee and Calixta’s sexual encounter, the storm finally begins to pass and everything in the world seems renewed and fresh. (Wilson 2) In The Awakening the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, is a young woman married to a businessman, but she is dissatisfied with her marriage.   In her society this idea was considered unthinkable.   She wants to wants to retain her individuality, her artistry, and to be sexually fulfilled.   In her novel, she seeks an identity for women that is neither wife nor mother. To achieve this end, she incorporates progressive ideas of androgyny and female-female intimacy into her writing; yet ultimately the text, through characters who cannot escape essentialist and sentimental ideologies, demonstrates the failure of her attempt. (McDonald)   In fact, the pressures of society of that era leads to the suicide of the protagonist. Kate Chopin dared to write about topics that were groundbreaking for women in the late eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds.   During this time women weren’t even capable of having enough knowledge to vote.   If a woman chose any path in life that did not include marriage, then she was seen as a failure.   In her writing, Chopin was groundbreaking in the area of feminism.   The questions that are raised by the articles used for this essay, is where did she get the courage to tackle the topics that she did, and why didn’t more women join here in their craft? Works Cited Faust, Langdon Lynn. American Women Writers. New York: Inger. 1983. McDonald, Erin E.   â€Å"NECESSARILY VAGUE†: KATE CHOPIN’S GENDER-AWAKENING. 24, May, 1999, http://www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/macdonald.html Wilson, Robert. â€Å"Feminine Sexuality and Passion: Kate Chopin’s ‘The Storm.’† The University of British Columbia, October 22, 1992. http://www.interchg.obc.ca/rw/eng304-1.htm. How to cite Kate Chopin and Feminism, Essay examples

Evaluation of preparation and improvisation Essay Example For Students

Evaluation of preparation and improvisation Essay We did quite a lot of preparation to help us with the different plays in Confusion. We got given some scripts and we had to act them out in pairs but each one was acted out in a different way even though they were the same scripts. It was quite effective as everybody presented theirs differently. We had to write a script in pairs then another couple would act it out. This was good as we got used to script reading. We also acted out a normal scenario but it had a twist in it. We also done a scene in an office where we were just acting normally in an adult behaviour about a disagreement, but it gradually changed to children arguing. All this work helped to understand the issues of the play, as there was a twist in it and it all related to it. Work on characterisation  After we got into groups and read a story from the book we took it in turns to go in the hot seat and be asked many questions about our character. These questions could be about anything like their past, their present or what happened at the restaurant. This worked very well as we all got into character and we could understand the character more. We got to establish other characters as well as our own. Improvised work on naturalism  Improvised work on naturalism and expressionism was used in our groups on Monday 4th, this worked quite well. We got into groups and acted out a normal scene but there was a small twist. This scene was a normal family day out having a picnic, but the daughter revealed to one person that she is pregnant. When we acted it out again everything was over exaggerated; it was as though she was having a nightmare. Nothing was clear as we were all shouting and it was extremely hard to understand what we were saying. Voices were distorted so the speed of speech got faster and slower. The tone of voices changed as some spoke high pitched and some spoke low. Everybody was going around her so it was as though she was trapped and we were all looking at her and pointing as though she was worthless. She then snapped out off her thought and everything was just normal again. Final improvisation Our final improvisation is from Between Mouthfuls. We did pages 55 and 56, where  Mrs Pearce suspects that Pearce was having an affair and where Polly tells Martin that she had an affair with Pearce. I am the waiter so the whole play is just bits of what I heard. We act it out by the waiter interrupting what they were saying, when I move to another table the table before carries on talking but miming so it moves the attention on to the other table. Mrs Pearce gets extremely angry with Pearce so she stands up and shouts she also points her finger at him as this emphasises that she is extremely angry. The waiter is just serving the food and gets in the couples way. We chose these two pages to act out as everybody was involved and it had the main parts of the play in. For dramatic techniques we showed how angry Mrs Pearce was when she got up and started shouting. Also how upset Martin was when Polly revealed that she had an affair, we showed this by him putting his head to the table. We used space well, as the two tables were not that close to each other and the waiter had to move. In our performance we tried to achieve anger the most. I think we achieved this quite well as space was being used and voices were distorted.

Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example Essay Example

Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example Paper Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Introduction 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Major tobacco firms in Malaysia have begun investing aggressively Corporate Social Responsibility activities to build a positive public image and brand activities via large contributions into social programs nationwide, and to be recognised as contributors to the greater common good. Although CSR is considered as a corporate entity along standards of business ethics, tobacco industry philanthropic activities encounter much criticism and threat of a comprehensive ban on CSR atop present legislations for Tobacco Advertising, Promotion Sponsorship worldwide. Many concerns have been raised over the practice; alleging that the motives behind tobacco industry CSR are to manipulate public perception of responsible marketing practices and gain favourable position for the individual firms in Malaysia. 2. 0 CSR AND ITS STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES Holme and Watts define CSR as an ongoing pledge by corporations to conduct themselves in an ethical manner and contribute to economic gro wth while developing the quality of workforce livelihood and their families, and the overall local community and societies. CSR programs were developed to answer public urges for corporations to advocate ethical, environmental, health and labour regulations. The Sustainability Entrepreneurship Model by Young and Tilley, as shown in Appendix I, comprises of six decisive factors: eco-efficiency, socio-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, socio-effectiveness and sufficiency and ecological equity; for corporate sustainability which adds to the business’s social responsibilities and enhances its effectiveness, bringing higher cost savings and better profit margins. 8% of consumers said they were more likely to purchase from companies that engages in initiatives to develop society. 3. 0 TOBACCO INDUSTRY AND TOBACCO USE IN MALAYSIA Malaysia is a major cigarette-manufacturing showpiece for tobacco transnational corporations operating in the South East Asian region. Among 92 sectors, the to bacco industry ranks 5th with an economic output totaling to RM11. 7 billion or 3% of Malaysia’s GDP. The tobacco industry in Malaysia comprises of large corporations such as British American Tobacco, market share 68%; Japan Tobacco Inc. 17. 7%; and Philip Morris International, 15. 3%. The industry considers itself a vital contributor in developing Malaysia’s socio-economic condition of the rural population. Tobacco is Malaysia’s most largely cultivated non-food crop, with 12,148 hectares and 1,200 hectares of land solely for tobacco cultivation in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia respectively. The industry’s activities range from tobacco leaf cultivation and curing, tobacco production to marketing and distribution. Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Body Paragraphs Records show that more than 190,000 people are employed in the industry, and 120,000 people involved in tobacco farming and curing. Smoking statistics show that 10,000 Malaysians succumb to smoking-related ailments annually, making it the top killers in the country since the 1980s. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey based in Malaysia, 23. 1% or 4. 75 million adults currently smoke, 43. 9% (4. 64 million) being men and 1. 0% (0. 10 million) women. The study also suggested that the expenditure on manufactures cigarettes cover 3. % of the GDP in 2011, its data showing present smokers using an average of RM 178. 80 monthly on manufactured cigarettes. 4. 0 PRACTICE OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY CSR IN MALAYSIA The industry engages CSR in various methods to achieve maximum public exposure and influence. The common approach of tobacco industry CSR is corporate philanthropy in which the firms provide monetary aids in areas such as culture and arts, education, shelter, social welfare and the envi ronment. In addition, they offer support to government policies and sponsorship of events such as youth smoking prevention programs. Several firms have even established charitable foundations to fund their initiatives, such as the British American Tobacco Foundation which was set up with the aim to obtain and manage funds for education, scientific and other charitable purposes. In conjunction with National Kenaf and Tobacco Board, the foundation has rewarded over 2,000 recipients RM 1. 1 million since its initiation in 2002. Formation of alliances between tobacco firms with non-governmental organizations exist as well. Yayasan Salam Malaysia is a long-term NGO partner of Philip Morris since 2006, both supporting a variety of CSR programs concerning poverty and society’s wellbeing. Their annual partnership had revolved around building information and communication technology (ICT) centres in rural places and providing financial aids for the underprivileged. BAT is also the fir st local tobacco company to publish Social Reports since 2001; these reports highlighting the firms CSR activities conducted year-round, looking forward to aligning itself with other businesses that conduct CSR activities. The company had received the Malaysian Sustainability Reporting Award from the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants for BAT’s efforts in cancer research. 5. 0 CRITICISMS TOWARD TOBACCO INDUSTRY CSR The tobacco industry is one of the most criticised members of the modern business community. Several disputes have arisen worldwide declaring that tobacco industry products are lethal to their consumers, and the CSR activities will be unable to resolve the fundamental contradiction with ethical corporate citizenship. WHO defines tobacco industry tactics utilizing CSR as a tool â€Å"to promote voluntary measures as an effective way to address tobacco control and create an illusion of being a ‘changed’ company and to establish partnerships with health interests. † These charitable campaigns purposefully influence the perception among youths and adults that the tobacco industry is deceitful and guilty for advocating smoking among youths and adults. Tobacco companies’ internal documents have revealed the motives behind industry-sponsored programs, aimed to increase profits and stimulate company investments. It is alleged that by conducting CSR, tobacco firms aim to build favourable views regarding the industry and tobacco issues by demonstrating their responsibility and concern about the wellbeing of consumers and stakeholders. Another tobacco industry goal is to achieve political influence with the intention of obstruct government efforts to regulate tobacco control, as evident in Malaysia. These CSR initiatives also pose as protection against litigations or lawsuits. The sponsorship of tobacco firms in youth anti-smoking campaigns is claimed to be a scheme to access youths for market research, to normalis e brands and to avert success of anti-tobacco campaigns. A report by the British Medical Association stated that tobacco industry CSR as a form of marketing for firms, and as such it should be prohibited under the terms of Article 13 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which calls for Parties to impose a full ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and advertising, including CSR. CSR functions in favour of the industry by creating goodwill with lawmakers and the public, crushing bad publicity for its lethal goods, and resolving conflict from tobacco control advocates. The tobacco-caused death and disease suffered by societies and families contradict the advantages of charity or sponsorship for social interests. Tobacco consumption offers zero merits to the underprivileged, and any financial aid offered by tobacco firms accountable for smoking-related ailments and financial woes of the nation fails to relieve poverty, environmental, or health problems. . 0 POLITICAL ECONOMY AND CONTROL OF TOBACCO IN MALAYSIA Advocacy for tobacco control in Malaysia had begun in the 1970s, with gradual growing initiatives to institute specific legislations to regulate tobacco manufacturing and consumption. Compliant to the FCTC, Malaysia enacts legislation compliant with the FCTC by providing extensive regulation and banning of advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Presently, Malaysia allows tobacco industry CSR, and it has been abused by the industry as a strategic tool to change its public image. Measures to undertake the Malaysian smoking epidemic is inconsistent – from one point of view, the cost of lives and health interests; while the other, the critical consequences of tobacco control on tobacco farmers and alleviating poverty. The Malaysian government is an active shareholder and advocate of tobacco. They are major partners in two of Malaysia’s largest tobacco corporations with direct financial interests in the industry. Major shareholders of BA T and JTI include statutory bodies such as the Skim Amanah Saham Bumiputera, Employees Provident Fund, and Amanah Saham Malaysia, demonstrating the Malaysian state controlled ownership of shares in the tobacco industry. A large number of Bumiputeras partake in tobacco cultivation with Bumiputera partners being of key importance in the ownership of tobacco firms. Corresponding to the government policy to promote foreign investment, BAT, Philip Morris, and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company have set up their subsidiaries and established manufacturing facilities within the country. 7. 0 CONCLUSION In averting the overall poor public image, weak knowledge regarding individual tobacco firms, and more litigations and restraints, the tobacco industry CSR activities are meant to improve public perception of the industry. CSR activities by tobacco firms purposefully highlight their philanthropic contributions to the society and also promote youth smoking prevention programs. As long as there is absence of major restraints and public criticism, the tobacco industry will continue to operate unreservedly, utilising CSR to promote its â€Å"responsible† marketing practices and to receive favorable ratings for individual firms within the country. The tobacco industry’s public relation efforts may possibly influence Malaysian audiences to develop further resistance against the objections faced by the industry, alleviate jurors’ negative scrutiny toward the industry, and thus deteriorating public or legislative support for tobacco control policies in Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Industry Csr Malaysia Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

History of Libya Essay

History of Libya Essay History of Libya Essay Libya or `The Great Socialist People’s Libyan Jamahiriya` is located in North Africa with a population of 5,871,000 in an area of 1,759,540 sq km. Those 2 pieces of information show just how vast and huge Libya really is as opposed to the number of inhabitants it possesses. The reasons for this along with many other topics such as the history of Libya, its people and its culture, its geographical aspects; including land, agriculture and landscape, as its Economic and structural conditions, Natural resources, the government and political conditions, and significant and recent events, will all be covered in this report. History of Libya Libya is a North African country with an interesting history dating all the way back to the 600’s B.C and possibly even further. Initially, the Berber tribe are thought to be the first inhabitants of the country but Libya has been susceptible to a number of foreign rulers and control, essentially not gaining independence until later years. These groups included the ancient cultures of the Carthaginians, The Romans, the Vandals, the Byzantines, the Greeks, the Phoenicians, and the more recent time rulers, the Italians, The British and The French; all but the main rulers and inhabitants of the country throughout history. Although these groups were in control there are little remains left over, today, from the ancient cultures of the Carthaginians and the Phoenicians to prove that their reign over the country. Moreover, The Romans and the Greeks were the only two groups to do so as they left behind ruins in Leptis Magna and Cyrene to prove their domination over the people of Lib ya. In 600 B.C Greek settlers came into the north-eastern part of the country as that region then became known as Cyrenaica and the North-western region as Tripolitania. The Vandals, a German tribe, captured the region of Tripolitania in 430 A.D. By the 500’s the Byzantine soldiers made their way into the region to gain control over the land and its people. In the 7th century A.D, the religion of Islam was introduced to the country as Arab soldiers gained entry into Libya with help from the weakness of the Berber tribes’ rebellion towards the Byzantine rule. The Arabs were then able to conquer Libya and a more than prevalent amount of Libya’s Native people accepted Islam, The Arab culture and its language. The North-western region of Libya, Tripolitania, and the North-eastern region, Cyrenaica, and the South-western part, Fezzan, became conquered by the Turkish Ottoman in 1551 after they captured the city of Tripoli. Although the Turks gained control over major regions in Libya, the local rulers essentially had entire freedom as Libya became constituent of their empire and an autonomous rule was held over the country by the Turks. Up until 1911, the indigenous people were victorious in resisting colonization as the Italians invaded the country and colonized the state. By 1912, the regions of Fezzan, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were all taken control of by the Italians. In 1934, the title on â€Å"Libya† was given to the colony as its official name. Initially, the word was used by the Greeks to describe all of North Africa, not including Egypt. Italy began to advocate building plans as they built roads, towns, and water systems for the Libyan people. These improvements to t he country, inevitably, began to bring in copious amounts of European immigrants to work in the new settlement as job opportunities opened up. However, the Libyan resistance to colonial rule did not cease operations, King Idris I of Cyrenaica and his Muslim social reform group, called â€Å"the Sanusi Brotherhood†, established a strong unit against the Italian rule. Accompanying King Idris I and his Sanusi Brotherhood during World War II was the British in Egypt who were also disputing with Italy. By February 1943, Italian rule in Libya was diminished and the British took over the Northern regions in Libya of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica and